Michel van Royen
European Roe Deer
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Birds (Aves)
- Accentors (Prunellidae)
- Bee-eaters (Meropidae) and Rollers (Coraciidae)
- Birds of prey (Accipitridae) and Falcons (Falconidae)
- Cormorants (Phalacrocoracidae)
- Cranes (Gruidae)
- Crows and jays (Corvidae)
- Cuckoos (Cuculidae)
- Dippers (Cinclidae) and Waxwings (Bombycillidae)
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Ducks, Geese and Swans (Anatidae)
- Barnacle Goose
- Common Goldeneye
- Common Merganser
- Common Pochard
- Common Shelduck
- Domestic Duck
- Domestic Goose
- Egyptian Goose
- Eurasian Teal
- Eurasian Wigeon
- Ferruginous Duck
- Gadwall
- Garganey
- Greater Canada Goose
- Greater White-fronted
- Greylag Goose
- Hooded Merganser
- Lesser White-fronted
- Long-tailed Duck
- Mallard
- Mandarin Duck
- Muscovy Duck
- Mute Swan
- Northern Pintail
- Northern Shoveler
- Red-breasted Goose
- Ruddy Shelduck
- Snow Goose
- Tufted Duck
- Tundra Swan
- Flycatchers (Muscicapidae)
- Goldcrests (Regulidae) and Wrens (Troglodytidae)
- Grasshopper Warblers (Locustellidae)
- Gulls, Terns and Skimmers (laridae)
- Herons (Ardeidae), Storks (Ciconiidae) and Ibises (Threskiornithidae)
- Hoopoes (Upupidae) and Kingfishers (Alcedinidae)
- Larks (Alaudidae)
- Leaf warblers (Phylloscopidae)
- Loons (Gaviidae) and Grebes (Podicipedidae)
- Nuthatches (Sittidae) and Treecreepers (Certhiidae)
- Owls (Strigidae)
- Pheasants and allies (Phasianidae)
- Pigeons and Doves (Columbidae)
- Rails, crakes, and coots (Rallidae)
- Reed warblers (Acrocephalidae)
- Shrikes (Laniidae)
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Sparrows (Passeridae), Finches (Fringillidae) and Buntings (Emberizidae)
- Atlantic Canary
- Brambling
- Bullfinch
- Cirl Bunting
- Common Chaffinch
- Common Linnet
- Common Redpoll
- Common Waxbill
- Corn Bunting
- European Goldfinch
- European Greenfinch
- European Serin
- Hawfinch
- House Sparrow
- Lesser Redpoll
- Red Crossbill
- Reed Bunting
- Rock Sparrow
- Siskin
- Snow Bunting
- Spanish Sparrow
- Tenerife Blue Chaffinch
- Yellowhammer
- Starlings (Sturnidae)
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Stilts (Recurvirostridae, Charadriidae, Scolopacidae)
- Black tailed Godwit
- Black-winged Stilt
- Common Greenshank
- Common Redshank
- Common Sandpiper
- Common Snipe
- Curlew Sandpiper
- Dunlin
- Eurasian Curlew
- Eurasian Oystercatcher
- Eurasian Whimbrel
- Grand Gravelot
- Green Sandpiper
- Grey Plover
- Kentish Plover
- Lapwing
- Little Ringed Plover
- Pied Avocet
- Ruddy Turnstone
- Ruff
- Sanderling
- Spotted Redshank
- Swallows and martins (Hirundinidae)
- Swifts (Apodidae)
- Sylviid Warblers (Sylviidae)
- Thrushes (Turdidae)
- Tits and chickadees (Paridae)
- Wagtails and pipits (Motacillidae)
- Woodpeckers (Picidae)
- ZZ-Imported and escaped bird species
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Butterflies and moths (Lepidoptera)
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Butterflies (Papilionoidea)
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Brush-footed(four-footed) butterflies (Nymphalidae)
- Comma Butterfly
- False Heath Fritillary
- Hedge Brown Gatekeeper
- High Brown Fritillary
- Large Tortoiseshell
- Large Wall Brown
- Lesser Purple Emperor
- Map Butterfly
- Marbled White
- Meadow Brown
- Painted Lady
- Peacock Butterfly
- Pearly Heath
- Plain Tiger
- Purple Emperor
- Queen of Spain Fritillary
- Red Admiral
- Ringlet
- Silver washed Fritillary
- Small Heath
- Small Tortoiseshell
- Southern Gatekeeper
- Speckled Wood (Aegeria)
- Speckled Wood (Tircis)
- Striped Grayling
- Two tailed Pasha
- Wall Brown
- White Admiral
- Gossamer-Winged Butterflies (Lycaenidae)
- Skippers (Hesperiidae)
- Swallowtails (Papilionidae)
- Yellows and Whites (Pieridae)
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Brush-footed(four-footed) butterflies (Nymphalidae)
- Moths (Heterocera)
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Butterflies (Papilionoidea)
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Dragonflies (Odonata)
- Damselflies (Zygoptera)
- True Dragonflies (Anisoptera)
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Grasshoppers, Crickets, and Locusts (Orthoptera)
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Grasshoppers, Locusts, and Allies (Caelifera)
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Grasshoppers (Acrididae)
- Blue Band-winged Grasshopper
- Blue-winged Sand Grasshopper
- Bow-winged Grasshopper
- Common Cylindric Grashopper
- Common Field Grasshopper
- Common Green
- Desert Locust
- Egyptian Bird Grasshopper
- Handsome Cross Grasshopper
- Italian locust
- Lamenting grasshopper
- Large Gold Grasshopper
- Large Marsh Grasshopper
- Meadow Grasshopper
- Mediterranean Splendid Grasshopper
- Migratory Locust
- Moroccan Cross-backed Grasshopper
- Slender Burrowing Grasshopper
- Slender Green-winged Grasshopper
- Steppe Grasshopper
- Water-Meadow Grasshopper
- Woodland Grasshopper
- Groundhoppers (Tetrigidae)
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Grasshoppers (Acrididae)
- Katydids, Crickets, and Allies (Ensifera)
- Praying Mantises (Mantidae)
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Grasshoppers, Locusts, and Allies (Caelifera)
- in the spotlight
- Mammels (Mammalia)
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The biology of birds in the wild
- 1 – Birds in Animal Paradise
- 2 – The evolution of birds: a look at their fosil past
- 3 – Specification and systematics are important components of biology:
- 4 – Bird feathers: what, where and why
- 5 – The art of flying, how birds do it
- 6 – Fuel for the bird engine
- 7 – Every bird sings as it is beaked
- 8 – From beak to cloaca
Habitat: The roe deer is naturally a typical forest and scrub species. Roe deer prefer to live in transition areas between different habitats. This allows them to make use of herbaceous plants in open areas or agricultural crops in fields, as well as the shelter and cover provided by forest stands and scrub, without having to travel long distances. This is reflected in the wide variety of habitats that roe deer can utilise.
Appearance: Roe deer are found throughout Europe, from wet valley areas to just above the tree line in the mountains.
Pairing season: The rutting season takes place between mid-July and mid-August. However, a period of dormancy sets in after fertilisation, otherwise the young would be born in winter. The growth and development of the foetus only starts in December. The young are born between mid-May and mid-June. Each doe has 1 to 3 young.
Characteristics: The shoulder height is usually between 60 and 75 cm, weight 15 to 30 kg, age 15 years.
Food: Due to its digestive system, the roe deer is dependent on selecting plant parts that are rich in protein and carbohydrates and low in cellulose. The roe deer therefore mainly eats the buds, young twigs and young leaves of the plants that appear in its habitat. Due to its limited stomach capacity, the roe deer is forced to eat small amounts of food several times a day and rest in between.
